The Most Minimal Valid HTML Document
Published on October 2, 2023 (⻠October 12, 2023), filed under Development (RSS feed for all categories).
âis still this:
<!DOCTYPE html><title>âŁ</title>
(ââŁâ is a placeholder, as the title
element canât be empty. The code represents the valid/required-only HTML writing style, leaving out everything that can be left out.)
Why âstillâ?
Because weâve covered this many years ago, in 2008 (2014 gist, 2020 pen), though back then it was more about demonstrating universality and maximum reusability (contrasting heavily with templates like HTML5 Boilerplate) than promoting conformant minimalism.
Why repeat âthisâ?
Because of ChatGPT, which canât yet optimize HTML:
Anyone checking their HTML on conformanceâvalidatingâwould find the problems with the ChatGPT output and be able to deduce this most minimal document. But commercially, unfortunately, the data says that modern web development teams donât focus on conformance *.
Thatâs why âthisâ seems worth repeating even more.
* Should they? For professionals, I absolutely think so.
About Me

Iâm Jens (long: Jens Oliver Meiert), and Iâm a web developer, manager, and author. Iâve worked as a technical lead and engineering manager for small and large enterprises, Iâm an occasional contributor to web standards (like HTML, CSS, WCAG), and I write and review books for OâReilly and Frontend Dogma.
I love trying things, not only in web development and engineering management, but also in other areas like philosophy. Here on meiert.com I share some of my experiences and views. (I value you being critical, interpreting charitably, and giving feedback.)
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Why and How to Write Minimal and Valid HTML, a Link Guide
Published on November 30, 1999 (⻠March 24, 2025), filed under Development (RSS feed for all categories).
If youâre interested in writing HTML that is as compact as possible for an as small payload as possible, and in writing HTML that is error-free and conforms to the HTML standard, then this is a link guide for you. Specializing in minimal and valid HTML, it refers to some of my writings about these subjects.
Why Minimal HTML
- HTML and Performance: Leave Out Optional Tags and Quotes
- Write HTML, the HTML Way (Not the XHTML Way)
- A Short Guide to Minimal Web Development
How to Write Minimal HTML
- Optional HTML: Everything You Need to Know
- The Most Minimal Valid HTML Document
- The HTML History and Optimization Cheat Sheet
- An HTML Optimizerâs Config for html-minifier
- Minimal Social Markupâjust for social markup
Why Valid HTML
- 2024: 0.5% of the Global Top 200 Websites Use Valid HTMLâto illustrate the pervasiveness of the non-conformance problem
- The Two Great Things About Validation (and Conformance)
- The 3-Second Frontend Developer Test
- We Need to Talk More About Conformance, if We Want to Stop Fantasy HTML
- On the Uniting Power of a Commitment to HTML Conformance
How to Write Valid HTML
(You can find more articles about minimalism and conformance on Frontend Dogma.)
What Else to Consider for HTML Optimization
- Examples to Optimize Markupâmy ebook series
- The 3 Ground Rules for Writing HTML
- The 6 Ways of Writing HTML (and Their Combinations)
- What Is HTML Optimization? What Is It Not?
As with other articles, Iâm likely to update and extend this one. If you have feedback or suggestions, please let me know!
About Me

Iâm Jens (long: Jens Oliver Meiert), and Iâm a web developer, manager, and author. Iâve worked as a technical lead and engineering manager for small and large enterprises, Iâm an occasional contributor to web standards (like HTML, CSS, WCAG), and I write and review books for OâReilly and Frontend Dogma.
I love trying things, not only in web development and engineering management, but also in other areas like philosophy. Here on meiert.com I share some of my experiences and views. (I value you being critical, interpreting charitably, and giving feedback.)
Read More
Maybe of interest to you, too:
- Next: ânofollowâ Still Considered Harmful
- More under Development
- More from 1999
- Most popular posts
Looking for a way to comment? Comments have been disabled, unfortunately.

Get a good look at web development? Try WebGlossary.infoâand The Web Development Glossary 3K. With explanations and definitions for thousands of terms of web development, web design, and related fields, building on Wikipedia as well as MDN Web Docs. Available at Apple Books, Kobo, Google Play Books, and Leanpub.