HTML Concepts: Indicators for Layout Tables

Post from September 13, 2021, filed under Web Development (feed).

You use tables for data, and therefore not for layout purposes (as was popular in the past). But how would you recognize a layout table? That’s what we’re looking at today in “HTML Concepts.”

While it may be easy for you and me to tell when a table is used inappropriately, it’s a different story for a user agent. The HTML specification covers this problem in its section on the table element.

First, the spec notes how in order to navigate a table, user agents “are encouraged to find heuristics to determine which tables actually contain data and which are merely being used for layout.”

Then it offers a few heuristics, but not without making clear that these are not precise, how they are merely “suggested as possible indicators.” Keep this in mind when looking at what are deemed technical indicators for layout tables:

Code Characteristic(s)	Interpretation
role attribute with a value of presentation	Probably a layout table
border attribute with a value of 0 (non-conforming)	Probably a layout table
cellspacing and cellpadding attributes with a value of 0 (non-conforming)	Probably a layout table
caption, thead, or th elements	Probably a non-layout table
headers and scope attributes	Probably a non-layout table
border attribute (non-conforming) with a value other than 0	Probably a non-layout table
Visible borders set using CSS	Probably a non-layout table
summary attribute	Unclear, as “both layout and non-layout tables have historically been given this attribute”

While we can tell by its contents whether a table is used for layout, these are ways to tell from the code. Fortunately, layout tables are largely a thing from the past, and for a modern web developer, knowledge of technical layout table indicators is of little practical value. But—now you know.

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I’m Jens, and I’m an engineering lead and author. I’ve worked as a technical lead for Google, I’m close to W3C and WHATWG, and I write and review books for O’Reilly. I love trying things, sometimes including philosophy, art, and adventure. Here on meiert.com I share some of my views and experiences.

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