Accessibility Heuristics

Post from October 7, 2008 (↻ November 6, 2016), filed under Web Development.

Just having updated my German article on accessibility heuristics it looked useful to share the guidelines over here as well, albeit in a short form. It’s a hat tip to respective documentation by the W3C and IBM. It comes without comments, however; W3C guidelines are sometimes not as precise as they should or could be.

W3C

WCAG 1.0 Quick Tips

The classic “quick tips” derived from the Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0:

• Images and animations: Use the alt attribute to describe the function of each visual.
• Image maps: Use the client-side map [element] and text for hotspots.
• Multimedia: Provide captioning and transcripts of audio, and descriptions of video.
• Hypertext links: Use text that makes sense when read out of context. For example, avoid “click here.”
• Page organization: Use headings, lists, and consistent structure. Use CSS for layout and style where possible.
• Graphs and charts: Summarize or use the longdesc attribute.
• Scripts, applets, and plug-ins: Provide alternative content in case active features are inaccessible or unsupported.
• Frames: Use the noframes element and meaningful titles.
• Tables: Make line-by-line reading sensible. Summarize.
• Check your work: Validate. Use tools, checklist, and guidelines at www.w3.org/TR/WCAG.

(…we appreciate mentioning of QA.)

WCAG 2.0 Quick Tips

With WCAG 2.0 come new and improved tips:

• Perceivable:

  • Provide text alternatives for non-text content.
  • Provide captions and alternatives for audio and video content.
  • Make content adaptable, and make it available to assistive technologies.
  • Use sufficient contrast to make things easy to see and hear.

• Operable:

  • Make all functionality keyboard accessible.
  • Give users enough time to read and use content.
  • Do not use content that causes seizures.
  • Help users navigate and find content.

• Understandable:

  • Make text readable and understandable.
  • Make content appear and operate in predictable ways.
  • Help users avoid and correct mistakes.

• Robust:

  • Maximize compatibility with current and future technologies.

IBM

IBM once shared their own set of accessibility recommendations and heuristics that is now, along with more detailed information, offered by the ACM:

• Provide meaningful and relevant alternatives to non-text elements.
• Support consistent and correctly tagged navigation.
• Allow complete and efficient keyboard usage.
• Respect users’ browser settings.
• Ensure appropriate use of standard and proprietary controls.
• Do not rely on color alone to code and distinguish.
• Allow users control of potential distractions.
• Allow users to understand and control time restraints.
• Make certain the website is content compatible with assistive technologies.

About the Author

Jens Oliver Meiert is an author and developer (O’Reilly, W3C, ex-Google). He plays with philosophy, art, and adventure. Here on meiert.com he shares and generalizes and exaggerates some of his thoughts and experiences.

There’s more Jens in the archives and at Goodreads. If you have any questions or concerns (or recommendations) about what he writes, leave a comment or a message.

Comments (Closed)

1. On October 8, 2008, 6:27 CEST, Joe Clark said:

   Use links that make sense in their context, not out of context.

2. On October 8, 2008, 8:55 CEST, Jens Oliver Meiert said:

   Valid distinction. I simply quoted the guidelines, otherwise I guess these rules would look a little bit different (especially the W3C tips).

3. On October 22, 2008, 11:24 CEST, Richard Morton said:

   As WCAG 2.0 is still at the candidate recommendation stage, I must admit that my knowledge of it is lacking so it is definitely useful to see it summarised here. One thing I have found useful to help me remember the overall concept is POUR (Perceivable, Operable, Understandable, Robust), which I think is a really good way of explaining accessibility in a non-technical way.

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